5,540 research outputs found
Nutrition epidemiology of flavan-3-ols: the known unknowns
Nutritional epidemiology has an important role, as it can provide long-term data from large populations and does not rely on surrogate markers for morbidity/mortality. Meaningful interpretation and applications of outcomes from epidemiological studies depend on the accurate assessment of dietary intake, which is currently mainly based on a combination of self-reporting and food composition data. Flavan-3-ols are a group of bioactives (non-essential dietary components with significant impact on health) that is a possible candidate for the development of dietary recommendations. The breadth of data available on their effect on health also provides the basis for investigating the suitability of the methods currently used in nutritional epidemiology to assess the health effects of bioactives. The outcomes of this assessment demonstrate that the limitations of currently used methods make it virtually impossible to estimate intake accurately from self-reported dietary data. This is due to the limitations of self-reporting, especially from food-frequency questionnaires, and the inability of currently used methods to deal with the high variability of food composition. Indeed, the estimated intake of flavan-3-ols, can only be interpreted as a marker of specific dietary patterns, but not as the actual intake amount. The interpretation of results from such studies are fraught with serious limitations, especially for establishing associations between intake and health and the development of dietary recommendations. Alternative assessment not affected by these limitations, such as biomarkers, are required to overcome these limitations. The development of nutritional biomarkers is therefore crucial to investigate the health effect of bioactives
Shocks in the asymmetric exclusion process with internal degree of freedom
We determine all families of Markovian three-states lattice gases with pair
interaction and a single local conservation law. One such family of models is
an asymmetric exclusion process where particles exist in two different
nonconserved states. We derive conditions on the transition rates between the
two states such that the shock has a particularly simple structure with minimal
intrinsic shock width and random walk dynamics. We calculate the drift velocity
and diffusion coefficient of the shock.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figur
Phase transitions and correlations in the bosonic pair contact process with diffusion: Exact results
The variance of the local density of the pair contact process with diffusion
(PCPD) is investigated in a bosonic description. At the critical point of the
absorbing phase transition (where the average particle number remains constant)
it is shown that for lattice dimension d>2 the variance exhibits a phase
transition: For high enough diffusion constants, it asymptotically approaches a
finite value, while for low diffusion constants the variance diverges
exponentially in time. This behavior appears also in the density correlation
function, implying that the correlation time is negative. Yet one has dynamical
scaling with a dynamical exponent calculated to be z=2.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure
Motion of condensates in non-Markovian zero-range dynamics
Condensation transition in a non-Markovian zero-range process is studied in
one and higher dimensions. In the mean-field approximation, corresponding to
infinite range hopping, the model exhibits condensation with a stationary
condensate, as in the Markovian case, but with a modified phase diagram. In the
case of nearest-neighbor hopping, the condensate is found to drift by a
"slinky" motion from one site to the next. The mechanism of the drift is
explored numerically in detail. A modified model with nearest-neighbor hopping
which allows exact calculation of the steady state is introduced. The steady
state of this model is found to be a product measure, and the condensate is
stationary.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figure
Network Infrastructure Configuration
The nine papers in this special issue focus on network infrastructure configuration and some of the problems encountered in the areas of specification, diagnosis, repair, synthesis, and anonymization
Time-dependent correlation functions in a one-dimensional asymmetric exclusion process
We study a one-dimensional anisotropic exclusion process describing particles
injected at the origin, moving to the right on a chain of sites and being
removed at the (right) boundary. We construct the steady state and compute the
density profile, exact expressions for all equal-time n-point density
correlation functions and the time-dependent two-point function in the steady
state as functions of the injection and absorption rates. We determine the
phase diagram of the model and compare our results with predictions from
dynamical scaling and discuss some conjectures for other exclusion models.Comment: LATEX-file, 32 pages, Weizmann preprint WIS/93/01/Jan-P
Why spontaneous symmetry breaking disappears in a bridge system with PDE-friendly boundaries
We consider a driven diffusive system with two types of particles, A and B,
coupled at the ends to reservoirs with fixed particle densities. To define
stochastic dynamics that correspond to boundary reservoirs we introduce
projection measures. The stationary state is shown to be approached dynamically
through an infinite reflection of shocks from the boundaries. We argue that
spontaneous symmetry breaking observed in similar systems is due to placing
effective impurities at the boundaries and therefore does not occur in our
system. Monte-Carlo simulations confirm our results.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure
- …